The Effects of Melatonin and Endothelin-A Receptor Antagonist BQ-123 in Exposed to Smoke in Rat Renal Tissue

Hasan Erdogan 1 * , Fatih Ekici 2, Huseyin Aslan 3, Birsen Ozyurt 4, Filiz Erdogan 5, Omer Atis 6
More Detail
1 Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Tekirdag
2 Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ankara
3 Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Tokat
4 Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Tokat
5 Tekirdag State Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tekirdag
6 Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Erzurum
* Corresponding Author
EUR J BASIC MED SCI, Volume 3, Issue 1, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.21601/ejbms/9193
OPEN ACCESS
Download Full Text (PDF)

ABSTRACT

It has been known that smoking increases the level of Endothelin (ET), a very powerful vasoconstrictor agent in circulation, causes damage and functional impairment of tissues. In our study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin, a potent antioxidant, and BQ123 on renal tissue of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Wistar albino 34 adult male rats were divided into four groups; Control, Smoking, Smoking+Melatonin, and Smoking+BQ-123 groups. They were exposed to cigarette smoke in the vacuum-operated glass cabinet 3 times a day, 30 minutes for 28 days. Melatonin was administered i.p. 25 mg/kg/every day. BQ-123 was injected from tail vein i.v. 1 mg/kg, on the first, 7th, 14th, 21th, 27th day. After the rats were sacrificed on the 28th day, the biochemical parameters were analyzed with spectrophotometric methods and tubular cell accounts for stereological analysis were done by optical fractionator technique. Renal tissue SOD activity was significantly increased in the Smoking+Melatonin group according to the control and Smoking+BQ-123 groups. Catalase activity was significantly decreased in the Smoking+Melatonin according to the other groups. Lipid peroxidation level was significantly increased in Smoking group in comparison with the Control and Smoking+BQ-123 groups. Protein Carbonyl and Nitric Oxide levels, and GSH-Px activity have not statically significant among the groups. Tubular cell accounts were significantly increased in the given of Melatonin and BQ-123 groups according to the Control and Smoking groups. We concluded that cellular damage generated by smoke in renal tissue of rats partially reduced by Melatonin and BQ-123 depending on the dose and duration with different pathways. This conclusion was supported by histologic staining and stereologic analysis with increase of the cell number of renal tissue in rats.
Keywords: smoking, melatonin, BQ-123, endothelin receptor antagonist

CITATION

Erdogan H, Ekici F, Aslan H, Ozyurt B, Erdogan F, Atis O. The Effects of Melatonin and Endothelin-A Receptor Antagonist BQ-123 in Exposed to Smoke in Rat Renal Tissue. Eur J Basic Med Sci. 2013;3(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.21601/ejbms/9193

REFERENCES

  • Boorjian S. Commentary on “Smoking negatively affects renal cell carcinoma overall and cancer-specific survival.” Kroeger N, Klatte T, Birkhauser FD, et al. Institute of Urologic Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA: Cancer 2012;118(7):1795-802.
  • Luchetti F, Canonico B, Betti M, Arcangeletti M, Pilolli F, Piroddi M, et al. Melatonin signaling and cell protection function. FASEB journal: official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2010;24(10):3603-24.
  • Huether G. Melatonin as an antiaging drug: between facts and fantasy. Gerontology 1996;42(2):87-96.
  • Kinnula VL. Focus on antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant strategies in smoking related airway diseases. Thorax 2005;60(8):693-700.
  • Ozguner F, Koyu A, Cesur G. Active smoking causes oxidative stress and decreases blood melatonin levels. Toxicology and industrial health. 2005;21(1-2):21-6.
  • Tarquini B, Perfetto F, Poli R, Tarquini R. Daytime circulating melatonin levels in smokers. Tumori 1994;80(3):229-32.
  • Benigni A, Remuzzi G. Endothelin antagonists. Lancet 1999;353(9147):133-8.
  • Bouallegue A, Daou GB, Srivastava AK. Endothelin-1-induced signaling pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells. Current vascular pharmacology 2007;5(1):45-52.
  • Miwa S, Kawanabe Y, Okamoto Y, Masaki T. Ca2+ entry channels involved in endothelin-1-induced contractions of vascular smooth muscle cells. Journal of smooth muscle research= Nihon Heikatsukin Gakkai kikanshi 2005;41(2):61-75.
  • Dhaun N, Goddard J, Kohan DE, Pollock DM, Schiffrin EL, Webb DJ. Role of endothelin-1 in clinical hypertension: 20 years on. Hypertension. 2008;52(3):452-9.
  • Yanagisawa M, Kurihara H, Kimura S, Tomobe Y, Kobayashi M, Mitsui Y, et al. A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Nature 1988;332(6163):411-5.
  • Warren R, Liu G. ZD4054: a specific endothelin A receptor antagonist with promising activity in metastatic castration- resistant prostate cancer. Expert opinion on investigational drugs 2008;17(8):1237-45.
  • Ray A, Hegde LG, Chugh A, Gupta JB. Endothelin-receptor antagonists: current and future perspectives. Drug discovery today. 2000;5(10):455-64.
  • Erdogan H, Fadillioglu E, Emre MH. Protection from renal ischemia reperfusion injury by an endothelin-A receptor antagonist BQ-123 in relation to nitric oxide production. Toxicology 2006;228(2-3):219-28.
  • Haak T, Jungmann E, Raab C, Usadel KH. Elevated endothelin-1 levels after cigarette smoking. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 1994;43(3):267-9.
  • Goerre S, Staehli C, Shaw S, Luscher TF. Effect of cigarette smoking and nicotine on plasma endothelin-1 levels. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology. 1995;26 Suppl 3:S236-8.
  • Kosicka T, Kara-Perz H, Perz S. [Evaluation of plasma endothelin-1 concentration in tobacco smoking patients with essential hypertension]. Przeglad lekarski. 2006;63(10):957-9. Epub 2007/02/10. Ocena osoczowego stezenia endoteliny-1 u chorych z nadcisnieniem tetniczym pierwotnym palacych tyton.
  • Rahman MM, Elmi S, Chang TK, Bai N, Sallam NA, Lemos VS, et al. Increased vascular contractility in isolated vessels from cigarette smoking rats is mediated by basal endothelin release. Vascular pharmacology 2007;46(1):35-42.
  • Hirai Y, Adachi H, Fujiura Y, Hiratsuka A, Enomoto M, Imaizumi T. Plasma endothelin-1 level is related to renal function and smoking status but not to blood pressure: an epidemiological study. Journal of hypertension. 2004;22(4):713-8.
  • Irmak MK, Koltuksuz U, Kutlu NO, Yagmurca M, Ozyurt H, Karaman A, et al. The effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on ischemia-reperfusion injury in comparison with alpha-tocopherol in rat kidneys. Urological research 2001;29(3):190-3.
  • Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. The Journal of biological chemistry 1951;193(1):265-75.
  • Cortas NK, Wakid NW. Determination of inorganic nitrate in serum and urine by a kinetic cadmium-reduction method. Clinical chemistry 1990;36(8 Pt 1):1440-3.
  • Sun YP, Sears DF, Saltiel J. Principal component self-modeling analysis applied to conformational equilibration of 1,3-butadiene vapor. UV spectra and thermodynamic parameters of the two conformers. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1988;110(18):6277-8.
  • Paglia DE, Valentine WN. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine 1967;70(1):158-69.
  • Esterbauer H, Cheeseman KH. Determination of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products: malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. Methods in enzymology 1990;186:407-21.
  • Levine RL, Garland D, Oliver CN, Amici A, Climent I, Lenz AG, et al. Determination of carbonyl content in oxidatively modified proteins. Methods in enzymology 1990;186:464-78.
  • Gundersen HJ, Jensen EB. The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction. Journal of microscopy 1987;147(Pt 3):229-63.
  • West MJ, Slomianka L, Gundersen HJ. Unbiased stereological estimation of the total number of neurons in thesubdivisions of the rat hippocampus using the optical fractionator. The Anatomical record 1991;231(4):482-97.
  • Reed MG, Howard CV. Surface-weighted star volume: concept and estimation. Journal of microscopy 1998;190(Pt 3):350-6.
  • Aslan H, Songur A, Tunc AT, Ozen OA, Bas O, Yagmurca M, et al. Effects of formaldehyde exposure on granule cell number and volume of dentate gyrus: a histopathological and stereological study. Brain research 2006;1122(1):191-200.
  • Gundersen HJ, Bendtsen TF, Korbo L, Marcussen N, Moller A, Nielsen K, et al. Some new, simple and efficient stereological methods and their use in pathological research and diagnosis. APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica 1988;96(5):379-94.
  • Park EM, Park YM, Gwak YS. Oxidative damage in tissues of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Free radical biology & medicine 1998;25(1):79-86.
  • Ozan E, Sonmez MF, Ozan S, Colakoglu N, Yilmaz S, Kuloglu T. Effects of melatonin and vitamin C on cigarette smokeinduced damage in the kidney. Toxicology and industrial health 2007;23(8):479-85.
  • Ramesh T, Sureka C, Bhuvana S, Hazeena Begum V. Sesbania grandiflora diminishes oxidative stress and ameliorates antioxidant capacity in liver and kidney of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society 2010;61(4):467-76.
  • Rodella LF, Favero G, Rossini C, Foglio E, Reiter RJ, Rezzani R. Endothelin-1 as a potential marker of melatonin’s therapeutic effects in smoking-induced vasculopathy. Life sciences 2010;87(17-18):558-64.
  • Ritz E, Benck U, Franek E, Keller C, Seyfarth M, Clorius J. Effects of smoking on renal hemodynamics in healthy volunteers and in patients with glomerular disease. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: JASN. 1998;9(10):1798-804.
  • Blann AD, McCollum CN. Adverse influence of cigarette smoking on the endothelium. Thrombosis and haemostasis. 1993;70(4):707-11.
  • Shichiri M, Hirata Y, Ando K, Emori T, Ohta K, Kimoto S, et al. Plasma endothelin levels in hypertension and chronic renal failure. Hypertension 1990;15(5):493-6.
  • Ottosson-Seeberger A, Ahlborg G, Hemsen A, Lundberg JM, Alvestrand A. Hemodynamic effects of endothelin-1 and big endothelin-1 in chronic hemodialysis patients. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: JASN. 1999;10(5):1037-44.
  • Levin ER. Endothelins. The New England journal of medicine. 1995;333(6):356-63.
  • Hocher B, Thone-Reineke C, Rohmeiss P, Schmager F, Slowinski T, Burst V, et al. Endothelin-1 transgenic mice develop glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and renal cysts but not hypertension. The Journal of clinical investigation 1997;99(6):1380-9.
  • Ortega Mateo A, de Artinano AA. Highlights on endothelins: a review. Pharmacological research : the official journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society 1997;36(5):339-51.